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The Juan Fernández Islands ((スペイン語:Archipiélago Juan Fernández)) are a sparsely inhabited island group reliant on tourism and fishing in the South Pacific Ocean. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic islands: Robinson Crusoe, Alejandro Selkirk and Santa Clara. The islands are primarily known for having been the home to the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk for more than four years from 1704, which may have inspired Daniel Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe''. Most of the archipelago's present-day inhabitants reside on Robinson Crusoe Island, mainly in the capital, San Juan Bautista, at Cumberland Bay on the island's north coast.〔The islands' area and population data retrieved from the 2012 census.〕 The group of islands are part of Chile's Valparaíso Region (which also includes Easter Island), and along with the Desventuradas Islands, form one of the nine communes of Valparaíso Province named Juan Fernández. ==Geography== * Robinson Crusoe Island (), also known as Isla Más a Tierra, is located closest to the mainland of continental South America, and is surrounded by a number of islets, including * * Juanango and * * Santa Clara (), lying southwest of Robinson Crusoe. * Alejandro Selkirk Island (), also known as Más Afuera, is located further west. Alejandro Selkirk is the largest of the Juan Fernández Islands at , and its highest peak, Los Innocentes, is . The island's population was 57 in 2012. Robinson Crusoe is the second largest island in the archipelago at ; its highest peak, El Yunque, is . The population of Robinson Crusoe was 843 in 2012. Santa Clara is in area, and reaches a height of . Santa Clara is uninhabited. The maximum elevations of Juan Fernandez, for Robinson Crusoe and for Alejandro Selkirk, respectively, are high enough to cause the Kármán vortex street, which can be seen from space. The islands are volcanic in origin, produced by the movement of the Nazca Plate over the Juan Fernández hotspot. As the plate moved eastward over the hot spot, volcanic eruptions formed the Juan Fernández Ridge before being subducted under the South American continent at the Peru–Chile Trench. The islands occur where the peaks of the submarine ridge have protruded above sea level. Radiometric dating indicates that Santa Clara is the oldest of the islands, 5.8 million years old, followed by Robinson Crusoe, 3.8 – 4.2 million years old, and Alexander Selkirk, 1.0 – 2.4 million years old. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juan Fernández Islands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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